本論文是對於路德兩個國度的分辨之再思，以免誤解兩個國度是毫不相干、互相排斥的領域。藉由重新檢視路德所主張的兩個國度之時空背景和神學脈絡，以及他的主要著作「論俗世權柄：當順服至何種程度」，我們可以瞭解其論述不僅有單一屬世和屬靈的面向，也包括教會中神與人的關係、家庭社會中親子和人倫的關係、以及政府國家中治理者與被治理者的關係。創造主使用祂右手的治理，聖道的宣講，甦醒人的心靈，也用祂左手的治理，刀劍的執法，管束人的身體。這雖屬於獨立且不同的範疇，卻仍然需要彼此互補，並展現出有機的合一性。此外，我們也針對兩個國度與路德其他教義，如兩種義、律法與福音的分辨、基督徒的自由，之相互關係作評析。其中基督與文化存在既衝突又合作的真實，也反映路德特別的世界觀。這提醒基督徒在現今的文化處境中，必須留意分辨屬靈與屬世價值觀的差異，方能持守純正的信仰。
In this thesis, we revisited the distinction of Luther’s Two Kingdoms in order to avoid the misunderstanding of two independent fields as the separation of church and state. By investigating the historical background and theological context, we understood Luther’s interpretation of Two Kingdoms and Two Governments teaching through his major work “Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed”. It is noticed that though they belong to different realms, there is still organic unity between them. We also examined the interrelationship between Two Kingdoms and Two Kinds of Righteousness, Distinction of Law and Gospel, The Freedom of Christian. In addition, the world view of Luther is unique, that showed a paradoxical conflict and cooperation between Christ and culture. It reminds us, in our present cultural context, the importance of distinction of spiritual and temporal significance to hold fast the true faith.
