從神祕主義視角論 Thomas Muntzer 與路德在救恩觀上的衝突

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题名:	從神祕主義視角論 Thomas Muntzer 與路德在救恩觀上的衝突 Conflict on the Theology of Salavation Between Martin Luther and Thomas Muntzer in the View of Mysticism
作者:	董德官 TUNG, TE KUAN
贡献者:	中華信義神學院
关键词:	路德神學馬丁路德神祕主義 Thomas Muntzer
日期:	2020-06
上传时间:	2020-06-29 09:29:47 (UTC+8)
出版者:	新竹：中華信義神學院
摘要:	本論文要探討的是十六世紀宗教改革運動當中，馬丁路德與被歸類於狂熱派的多馬斯閔次爾二人在救恩觀上的差異。透過中世紀晚期的神秘主義中的多種靈修操練，包括：靈魂的根基、煉淨、照明、神聖的聯合，以及效法基督等作為研究的視角分別探討二人的神學發展。路德所發展出之因信稱義救恩觀相當得力於中世紀晚期神秘主義的啟發然而路德鑄造所成的是一種向自己之外(extra尋找的救恩論，也就是人處於被動的地位完全倚靠在人以外的上帝所做的拯救之功。雖然得力於神祕主義所助，最終卻也脫離了神秘主義中神人合作的傾向，以及透過內心的操練去找尋救恩的框架。閔次爾的神學著重於神秘經驗，進而發展出的以受苦為操練的稱義觀，以及以內心領受的話語超越成文聖言之權威的啟示觀。他的著作中仍然顯露出中世紀神祕主義的本質，亦即神人合作框架。但是他對靈性經驗的強調，也構成一種獨特的神祕主義風格。本論文也探討閔次爾的救恩觀對後代的影響，以及在現代教會中追求經驗的現象探討。 This study is to compare the theology of salvation presented by Martin Luther and Thomas Muntzer, respectively. The methods applied in this study refer to some terms used in late medieval mysticism ,such as “ground of the soul”,“purification”, “Illumination”, “mystical union” and “imitation of Christ”. Adhering to their usage of these mystical terms,this study compares the works of Luther and Muntzer to show the conflicts between them concerning salvation. Luther contributed much of his theology of justification to late medieval mysticism. We can describe Luther’s theology of salvation as an act of “searching from without” (extra nos). Man, who stands in a passive position, can only rely upon God’ s active act of salvation. Although greatly enlightened by mysticism, Luther finally escaped from the frame of synergism and “searching from within”, which was commonly practiced in mysticism. On the other hand, Muntzer focused on mystical experience and then developed his theology of justification through self suffering. He also emphasized authority of God’s “direct revelation” to human hearts, rather than authority of the written Scripture, in his theology of revelation.
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